Animals such as the rhino or lion are particularly prized by big-game hunters. A hunting industry — mainly catering to European and American clients — still exists in many African countries today.

The benefits and harms associated with this luxury hobby are a matter of controversy. Some studies indicate that, in certain areas, local communities or threatened species benefit from the income arising from game reserves. Others show that, in many cases, people and nature suffer as a result of these activities.

In addition, the establishment of the first game reserves, involving permanent displacement of the local population, dates back to the colonial era — a problematic legacy.